| | |
| | | |
| | | SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS |
| | | |
| | | Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. |
| | | Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. |
| | | A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K. |
| | | |
| | | h H Display this help. |
| | | q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | | MMOOVVIINNGG |
| | | |
| | | e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). |
| | | y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). |
| | | f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). |
| | | b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). |
| | | z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). |
| | | w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). |
| | | ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. |
| | | d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). |
| | | u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). |
| | | ESC-) RightArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions). |
| | | ESC-( LeftArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions). |
| | | ESC-} ^RightArrow Right to last column displayed. |
| | | ESC-{ ^LeftArrow Left to first column. |
| | | F Forward forever; like "tail -f". |
| | | ESC-F Like F but stop when search pattern is found. |
| | | r ^R ^L Repaint screen. |
| | | R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------- |
| | | Default "window" is the screen height. |
| | | Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | | SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG |
| | | |
| | | /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. |
| | | ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. |
| | | n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). |
| | | N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. |
| | | ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. |
| | | ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. |
| | | ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. |
| | | ESC-U Clear search highlighting. |
| | | &_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------- |
| | | A search pattern may begin with one or more of: |
| | | ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. |
| | | ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). |
| | | ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). |
| | | ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). |
| | | ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. |
| | | ^W WRAP search if no match found. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | | JJUUMMPPIINNGG |
| | | |
| | | g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). |
| | | G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). |
| | | p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). |
| | | t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag. |
| | | T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag. |
| | | { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. |
| | | } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. |
| | | ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. |
| | | ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_>. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------- |
| | | Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket |
| | | matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. |
| | | Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket |
| | | matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. |
| | | |
| | | m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current top line with <letter>. |
| | | M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current bottom line with <letter>. |
| | | '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. |
| | | '' Go to the previous position. |
| | | ^X^X Same as '. |
| | | ESC-M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Clear a mark. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------- |
| | | A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. |
| | | Certain marks are predefined: |
| | | ^ means beginning of the file |
| | | $ means end of the file |
| | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | | CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS |
| | | |
| | | :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. |
| | | ^X^V Same as :e. |
| | | :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. |
| | | :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. |
| | | :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. |
| | | :d Delete the current file from the command line list. |
| | | = ^G :f Print current file name. |
| | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | | MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS |
| | | |
| | | -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. |
| | | --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. |
| | | __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. |
| | | ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. |
| | | +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. |
| | | |
| | | !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. |
| | | |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. |
| | | s _f_i_l_e Save input to a file. |
| | | v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. |
| | | V Print version number of "less". |
| | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | | OOPPTTIIOONNSS |
| | | |
| | | Most options may be changed either on the command line, |
| | | or from within less by using the - or -- command. |
| | | Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single |
| | | character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --. |
| | | |
| | | -? ........ --help |
| | | Display help (from command line). |
| | | -a ........ --search-skip-screen |
| | | Search skips current screen. |
| | | -A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN |
| | | Search starts just after target line. |
| | | -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] |
| | | Number of buffers. |
| | | -B ........ --auto-buffers |
| | | Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. |
| | | -c ........ --clear-screen |
| | | Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling. |
| | | -d ........ --dumb |
| | | Dumb terminal. |
| | | -D xx_c_o_l_o_r . --color=xx_c_o_l_o_r |
| | | Set screen colors. |
| | | -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF |
| | | Quit at end of file. |
| | | -f ........ --force |
| | | Force open non-regular files. |
| | | -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen |
| | | Quit if entire file fits on first screen. |
| | | -g ........ --hilite-search |
| | | Highlight only last match for searches. |
| | | -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH |
| | | Don't highlight any matches for searches. |
| | | -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] |
| | | Backward scroll limit. |
| | | -i ........ --ignore-case |
| | | Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. |
| | | -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE |
| | | Ignore case in all searches. |
| | | -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] |
| | | Screen position of target lines. |
| | | -J ........ --status-column |
| | | Display a status column at left edge of screen. |
| | | -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] |
| | | Use a lesskey file. |
| | | -K ........ --quit-on-intr |
| | | Exit less in response to ctrl-C. |
| | | -L ........ --no-lessopen |
| | | Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable. |
| | | -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT |
| | | Set prompt style. |
| | | -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS |
| | | Don't use line numbers. |
| | | -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] |
| | | Copy to log file (standard input only). |
| | | -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] |
| | | Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). |
| | | -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] |
| | | Start at pattern (from command line). |
| | | -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] |
| | | Define new prompt. |
| | | -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT |
| | | Quiet the terminal bell. |
| | | -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS |
| | | Output "raw" control characters. |
| | | -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines |
| | | Squeeze multiple blank lines. |
| | | -S ........ --chop-long-lines |
| | | Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping. |
| | | -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] |
| | | Find a tag. |
| | | -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] |
| | | Use an alternate tags file. |
| | | -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL |
| | | Change handling of backspaces. |
| | | -V ........ --version |
| | | Display the version number of "less". |
| | | -w ........ --hilite-unread |
| | | Highlight first new line after forward-screen. |
| | | -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD |
| | | Highlight first new line after any forward movement. |
| | | -x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]] |
| | | Set tab stops. |
| | | -X ........ --no-init |
| | | Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. |
| | | -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] |
| | | Forward scroll limit. |
| | | -z [_N] .... --window=[_N] |
| | | Set size of window. |
| | | -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] |
| | | Set shell quote characters. |
| | | -~ ........ --tilde |
| | | Don't display tildes after end of file. |
| | | -# [_N] .... --shift=[_N] |
| | | Set horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width). |
| | | --file-size |
| | | Automatically determine the size of the input file. |
| | | --follow-name |
| | | The F command changes files if the input file is renamed. |
| | | --incsearch |
| | | Search file as each pattern character is typed in. |
| | | --line-num-width=N |
| | | Set the width of the -N line number field to N characters. |
| | | --mouse |
| | | Enable mouse input. |
| | | --no-keypad |
| | | Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings. |
| | | --no-histdups |
| | | Remove duplicates from command history. |
| | | --rscroll=C |
| | | Set the character used to mark truncated lines. |
| | | --save-marks |
| | | Retain marks across invocations of less. |
| | | --status-col-width=N |
| | | Set the width of the -J status column to N characters. |
| | | --use-backslash |
| | | Subsequent options use backslash as escape char. |
| | | --use-color |
| | | Enables colored text. |
| | | --wheel-lines=N |
| | | Each click of the mouse wheel moves N lines. |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | | LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG |
| | | |
| | | These keys can be used to edit text being entered |
| | | on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. |
| | | |
| | | RightArrow ..................... ESC-l ... Move cursor right one character. |
| | | LeftArrow ...................... ESC-h ... Move cursor left one character. |
| | | ctrl-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w ... Move cursor right one word. |
| | | ctrl-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b ... Move cursor left one word. |
| | | HOME ........................... ESC-0 ... Move cursor to start of line. |
| | | END ............................ ESC-$ ... Move cursor to end of line. |
| | | BACKSPACE ................................ Delete char to left of cursor. |
| | | DELETE ......................... ESC-x ... Delete char under cursor. |
| | | ctrl-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE ........... Delete word to left of cursor. |
| | | ctrl-DELETE .... ESC-DELETE .... ESC-X ... Delete word under cursor. |
| | | ctrl-U ......... ESC (MS-DOS only) ....... Delete entire line. |
| | | UpArrow ........................ ESC-k ... Retrieve previous command line. |
| | | DownArrow ...................... ESC-j ... Retrieve next command line. |
| | | TAB ...................................... Complete filename & cycle. |
| | | SHIFT-TAB ...................... ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. |
| | | ctrl-L ................................... Complete filename, list all. |